Feeding cows differently: Improving ration protein efficiency

Project summary

Protein is the most expensive ingredient in dairy cow rations, accounting for 42% of a farm’s feed costs. However, over 70% of the nitrogen contained in rations is excreted by cows without contributing directly to milk production. This inefficiency results in significant economic and environmental losses.

Based on previous research carried out by Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, this research project aims to demonstrate that balancing amino acid rations can reduce nitrogen intake, thereby cutting costs while maintaining milk yields. Following an analysis of feeding practices on 12 commercial farms equipped with robotic feeders, an optimized ration will be tested and compared with the usual ration.

The project constitutes a proof of concept and could validate economically viable and ecologically sustainable feeding strategies to encourage the dairy sector to adopt innovative practices.

Expected results

The aim of the project is to demonstrate the effectiveness of amino acid-optimized rations on 12 commercial farms, totalling 1,000 cows (average of 75 cows per farm). After a typological analysis of each farm’s production systems (herd management, animal characteristics, milk quality, facilities), two groups of cows will be formed on each participating farm: a control group fed the usual ration, and an experimental group receiving a ration reduced by 1.5% in crude protein, adjusted to the needs in metabolizable protein and balanced in lysine, methionine and histidine.

Cow performance will be monitored from calving to day 160 of lactation to assess the impact on milk production, health and nitrogen management. Expected results include a reduction in feeding costs and nitrogen rejections, without compromising productivity. This project could lead to the creation of a practical feed management tool for producers, nutritionists, advisors and students.

Main achievements

• Training a master’s student
• Writing an article for Le Producteur de Lait du Québec magazine
• Results presented at Novalait’s Forum Techno
• Presentations and posters at local and national conferences